Brain cancer is a serious and often life-altering condition that involves the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells in the brain or nearby structures. These cells form a mass known as a tumor, which may disrupt the brain’s normal functions. While not all brain tumors are cancerous, those that are malignant can spread quickly and require immediate medical intervention.

In this article, we explore what brain cancer is, its types, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options available at leading cancer care institutions such as Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital & Research Institute (BIACH&RI).

Understanding Brain Cancer

Brain cancer occurs when cells in the brain mutate and begin to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Tumors can be classified into two categories:

• Primary Brain Tumors: Originate in the brain. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
• Secondary (Metastatic) Brain Tumors: Start in another part of the body and spread to the brain. These are always cancerous.

Common Types of Brain Tumors

Some of the most frequently diagnosed malignant brain tumors include:

• Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) – Aggressive and fast-growing.
• Astrocytoma – Arises from star-shaped brain cells (astrocytes).
• Medulloblastoma – Common in children, affecting the cerebellum.
• Meningioma – Typically benign but can become malignant in rare cases.
• Oligodendroglioma – Develops in the cells that produce the brain’s myelin.

Signs & Symptoms of Brain Cancer

Symptoms vary depending on the tumor’s size, location, and rate of growth. Common symptoms include:

• Persistent or severe headaches
• Seizures or convulsions
• Vision or hearing problems
• Loss of balance or coordination
• Memory loss or confusion
• Personality or behavioral changes
• Nausea and vomiting, especially in the morning
• Speech difficulties

If you or a loved one experiences these symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately.

How is Brain Cancer Diagnosed?

Early diagnosis is critical for effective treatment. Diagnosis typically includes:

• Neuroimaging: MRI and CT scans help visualize the tumor.
• Biopsy: Involves sampling the tumor tissue to identify cancer type and grade.
• Neurological Exams: Test reflexes, muscle strength, vision, and cognitive function.
• Lumbar Puncture (in some cases): To examine cerebrospinal fluid.

Treatment Options for Brain Cancer

At Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital & Research Institute, a multidisciplinary team works together to create personalized treatment plans, which may include:

Surgery:

Removal of the tumor is often the first step, especially if it’s accessible without damaging vital brain functions.

Radiation Therapy:

Uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. Techniques like Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) allow high precision targeting.

Chemotherapy:

Involves drugs that kill or slow the growth of cancer cells. These may be administered orally or intravenously.

Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy:

Focuses on attacking specific cancer cells while preserving healthy tissue.

Supportive Care:

Includes rehabilitation, psychological support, and palliative care to improve quality of life.

Why Choose Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital?

BIACH&RI is one of India’s leading comprehensive cancer care centers, offering:

• State-of-the-art neurosurgery and oncology departments
• Advanced diagnostic imaging and lab facilities
• Skilled team of neuro-oncologists, radiation specialists, and support staff
• Compassionate patient care and counseling services