What is Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer, probably making up more than half of all diagnosed cases of cancer. There are primarily 3 kinds of skin cancer:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
It is one of the three skin cancer forms that may be observed in locations on the body exposed to sunlight, such as the ears, face, and oral cavity. One indicator of this type of cancer is a lump that turns into an open wound. This sore often appears red with a flat spot, may become crusty, and grows without healing. If left untreated, it can spread to other parts of the body like nerves, the bloodstream, and the lymphatic system.
Basal Cell Skin Cancer
This is the most prevalent type of skin cancer, accounting for about 75% of cases each year. It commonly develops on the face, neck, and hands. Although it's very treatable and rarely spreads, early diagnosis is key to prevent skin damage.
Melanoma
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. It can appear on any part of the body that has been exposed to harmful UV rays. Early detection is crucial, as melanoma can spread quickly if not treated in time.
Skin Cancer Treatments and Procedures
There are many ways to treat skin cancer, often with a success rate of 90% or more. The goal is to eliminate the cancer completely while minimizing scarring.
Curettage and Desiccation
This method involves scooping out the basal cell carcinoma using a curette (a spoon-like instrument). Desiccation then applies an electric current to stop bleeding and destroy any remaining cancer cells. Healing occurs naturally without stitches.
Surgical Excision
The tumor is cut out along with a margin of healthy tissue and the area is stitched closed.
Radiation Therapy
Used for areas where surgery is difficult, radiation is administered over multiple sessions (usually 25–30) to destroy cancer cells while preserving cosmetic appearance.
Cryosurgery
This technique involves freezing the cancerous tissue with liquid nitrogen to destroy abnormal cells. It is effective for certain basal cell carcinomas.
Mohs Micrographic Surgery
A highly precise method where the tumor is removed layer by layer and examined under a microscope during surgery. It minimizes healthy tissue loss and has a cure rate of over 98%. This is preferred for large or recurring basal cell carcinomas.
Medical Therapy
Involves applying medicated creams that stimulate the immune system or kill cancer cells directly. These are used several times a week for a few weeks, often causing visible inflammation.
Almost all skin cancers are treated surgically. Under local or general anesthesia, the tumor is removed with a safety margin to ensure all cancer cells are eliminated effectively.
Skin Cancer Overview
Signs and Symptoms
- New or changing moles
- Sore that doesn't heal
- Rough or scaly patch on skin
- Dark streak under a nail
- Itchy or bleeding spot
Risk Factors
- Excessive sun exposure
- Fair skin or light eyes
- Use of tanning beds
- Weakened immune system
- Family history of skin cancer
Prevention
- Use sunscreen SPF 30+
- Wear hats and protective clothes
- Stay out of sun during peak hours
- Avoid tanning beds
- Get regular skin checkups
Skin Cancer FAQs
Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells, usually caused by damage from ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or tanning beds. It can occur anywhere on the body, even in areas not exposed to sunlight.
- Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) – Most common, slow-growing, rarely spreads.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) – May spread if untreated.
- Melanoma – Less common but most dangerous; can spread quickly if not caught early.
- A new growth or sore that doesn’t heal
- Changes in size, shape, or color of a mole
- A mole with irregular borders, multiple colors, or itching/bleeding
Tip: Remember the ABCDE rule for moles: Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving.
- Excessive sun exposure
- Fair skin or light-colored eyes
- History of sunburns or tanning bed use
- Family or personal history of skin cancer
- Weakened immune system
- Use sunscreen with SPF 30+ daily
- Wear protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses
- Avoid tanning beds
- Seek shade during peak sun hours (10 AM – 4 PM)
- Get regular skin checks from a dermatologist
Yes, especially if detected early. Treatments may include:
- Surgical removal
- Cryotherapy (freezing)
- Radiation therapy
- Immunotherapy or chemotherapy (for advanced cases)
If you notice any suspicious moles, spots, or skin changes that persist, grow, bleed, or itch, consult a dermatologist immediately.
